While the number of people living in extreme poverty has decreased by more than half since 1990, the scale of global poverty remains vast with about 10 percent of the global population still living below the international poverty line. In addition, the gap between rich and poor is widening. Both poverty and inequality have been exacerbated by COVID-19 as disadvantaged groups, in particular, cope with the long-term shocks wrought by the pandemic. Access to adequate health care is also a growing concern across the globe. Green School faculty are producing leading research on racial and gender inequality, gentrification, minorities and marginalized communities, and the complex role of globalization in both ameliorating poverty and concentrating wealth.